Virginia Restraining Order Against Roommate: Protecting Your Peace in Shared Living

For decades, Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. has helped individuals across Virginia navigate the complexities of legal disputes that arise within their living spaces. While many associate “restraining orders” with domestic violence between spouses or family members, the reality of shared living arrangements, particularly with non-familial roommates, can unfortunately lead to circumstances where protective legal intervention becomes necessary. The need for a Virginia restraining order against a roommate is a serious matter, often indicating a breakdown of safety and peace within your own home.

A “restraining order” in Virginia is most commonly referred to as a “protective order,” and its applicability depends heavily on the specific nature of the relationship and the alleged conduct. For situations involving roommates who do not meet the statutory definition of “family or household members,” avenues such as stalking protective orders or broader civil injunctions become critical tools. Our firm has seen firsthand the profound impact that harassment, threats, or violence from a roommate can have on a person’s life, and we are committed to providing the authoritative guidance needed to secure your safety.

Introduction: Understanding Protective Orders for Roommates

A “restraining order” for a roommate in Virginia typically involves navigating the state’s protective order statutes or seeking a civil injunction, depending on the nature of the threat and the relationship dynamic. Unlike traditional domestic violence protective orders, specific pathways exist to address harassment or violence from non-familial cohabitants.

In Virginia, the legal mechanism often colloquially referred to as a “restraining order” is formally known as a “protective order.” The applicability of these orders hinges significantly on the relationship between the parties. While Virginia Code § 16.1-253.1 primarily addresses “family abuse” involving blood relatives, marriage, or cohabitation as intimate partners, a simple roommate arrangement often falls outside this strict definition. This distinction is crucial and often misunderstood by those seeking protection.

However, the law provides other avenues for relief when a roommate’s conduct becomes threatening, harassing, or violent. The most common pathways include a Stalking Protective Order under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8, or a broader civil injunction, which offers a versatile legal remedy for preventing irreparable harm. My extensive experience has taught me that understanding these distinctions is the first step toward securing your safety and peace of mind in a shared living environment that has turned hostile.

The Grave Consequences: What’s at Stake with a Hostile Roommate

Failing to address a hostile roommate situation can escalate from discomfort to severe personal endangerment, property damage, and significant emotional distress, underscoring the urgency of seeking legal protection under Virginia law.

The stakes when dealing with a hostile or dangerous roommate are incredibly high. Beyond the immediate discomfort, prolonged exposure to such an environment can lead to severe emotional distress, anxiety, and even physical harm. Your home, which should be a sanctuary, becomes a source of constant fear. I have seen countless situations where what started as minor disagreements escalated rapidly into serious threats, property damage, or even physical altercations. The consequences can include:

• Physical Harm or Threats: Direct violence or credible threats of violence can obviously lead to significant personal injury and lasting trauma.
• Emotional and Psychological Distress: Constant fear, intimidation, or harassment can severely impact your mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, and an inability to feel safe.
• Property Damage: A hostile roommate may intentionally damage your personal belongings or the shared living space.
• Loss of Peace and Privacy: The sanctity of your home is violated, diminishing your quality of life and sense of security.
• Legal Ramifications: If the situation escalates to altercations, you could find yourself inadvertently involved in criminal charges, even if you acted in self-defense.

Navigating these challenges requires a clear understanding of your rights under Virginia law, including statutes such as Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8 concerning stalking, which can be applicable even in a shared living context. Ignoring the problem will rarely make it disappear; it often allows the situation to fester and worsen. Timely, decisive legal action is often the only way to re-establish a safe living environment.

The Legal Process: Obtaining a Protective Order or Injunction in Virginia

The process of obtaining protection against a roommate in Virginia involves filing a petition in the appropriate court (typically J&DR or Circuit Court), presenting evidence of the threatening conduct, and participating in hearings to secure a formal order, often initiated with assistance from local law enforcement.

Securing legal protection against a hostile roommate in Virginia is a multi-step process that demands precision and thoroughness. As a seasoned attorney, I can guide you through each phase, ensuring your rights are protected and your case is presented effectively.

Step-by-Step Pathway:

1. Documentation and Evidence Gathering: This is the cornerstone of your case. Before even stepping into a courthouse, you must meticulously document every incident. This includes dates, times, descriptions of what occurred, any witnesses, and crucially, physical evidence. This can be text messages, emails, voicemails, photos of damage, police reports, medical records (if injury occurred), or a detailed log of harassing behavior. Without strong evidence, your case faces an uphill battle.
2. Contacting Law Enforcement (if applicable): If there’s immediate danger, threats, or physical violence, your first call should always be to your local police or Sheriff’s Office. They can intervene, potentially arrest the individual, and may issue an Emergency Protective Order (EPO) under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.9, which provides temporary relief for up to 72 hours. While an EPO is short-term, it creates a vital paper trail.
3. Identifying the Proper Court:
   • Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (J&DR): This court handles Protective Orders based on “family abuse” (if your roommate qualifies under a broad interpretation, or if there’s an intimate partner relationship) and, more commonly for non-familial roommates, Stalking Protective Orders under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8.
   • General District Court: While not typically issuing protective orders for ongoing situations, they can handle certain civil claims or initial stages related to harassment.
   • Circuit Court: For more complex or general civil injunctions, particularly if the conduct doesn’t strictly fit the protective order statutes but still constitutes actionable harm or harassment. The Circuit Court has broader equitable powers.
4. Filing a Petition: Once the court is identified, a formal petition must be filed. This document outlines the facts of your case, the history of the incidents, and the specific relief you are seeking (e.g., that the roommate be prohibited from contact, from returning to the residence). The petition must clearly articulate how the roommate’s actions meet the legal criteria for the specific type of order you are requesting.
5. Service of Process: The roommate must be legally served with a copy of the petition and notice of the hearing. This is typically done by a Sheriff’s deputy. Proper service is critical; without it, the court cannot proceed.
6. Court Hearings:
   • Preliminary Protective Order Hearing: In some cases, the court may issue a Preliminary Protective Order (PPO) if there’s an immediate and significant threat based on your petition and sworn testimony. This order provides temporary protection until a full hearing can be held, typically within 15 days.
   • Full Hearing: This is where both sides present their case. You, as the petitioner, will present your evidence and testimony. The roommate will have an opportunity to present their side and any counter-evidence. A seasoned attorney will present your case persuasively, cross-examine the opposing party, and address any legal arguments. The burden is on you to prove the necessity of the order by a preponderance of the evidence.
7. Issuance of the Order: If the court finds sufficient grounds, it will issue a final Protective Order or Civil Injunction. These orders typically specify what the roommate cannot do (e.g., no contact, stay away from the residence, no harassment) and for what duration (often up to two years for protective orders, or indefinitely for some injunctions). Violations of these orders carry serious criminal penalties.
8. Enforcement: Once an order is issued, it is enforceable by law enforcement. Any violation should be immediately reported to the police.

Each step in this process carries its own complexities and potential pitfalls. My role as your legal counsel is to ensure that your petition is robust, your evidence is compelling, and your case is advocated fiercely in the appropriate Virginia court, whether it’s the J&DR or the Circuit Court.

The SRIS Virginia Shared Living Safety Blueprint Tool

“The SRIS Virginia Shared Living Safety Blueprint” is a practical, step-by-step guide designed to help individuals assess their situation with a hostile roommate and prepare for legal action, from initial documentation to understanding the court process.

Dealing with a challenging roommate can be overwhelming. To help you organize your thoughts and prepare for potential legal action, Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. has developed “The SRIS Virginia Shared Living Safety Blueprint.” This tool is not a substitute for legal advice but an aid to help you systematically approach your situation.

The SRIS Virginia Shared Living Safety Blueprint: Your Step-by-Step Pathway to Resolution

1. Assess the Threat Level:
   • Is there immediate physical danger? (If yes, call 911 immediately).
   • Are there credible threats of harm to you, others, or property?
   • Is the behavior escalating?
   • Is the behavior illegal (e.g., assault, battery, destruction of property, stalking)?
2. Document Everything: The Foundation of Your Case
   • Incident Log: Keep a detailed journal with dates, times, and descriptions of every incident of harassment, intimidation, or violence. Be specific.
   • Communications: Save all relevant text messages, emails, social media messages, voicemails. Take screenshots.
   • Photos/Videos: Document any property damage, injuries, or problematic behaviors (if safe to do so and legal in your jurisdiction).
   • Witnesses: Note names and contact information of anyone who witnessed incidents.
   • Police Reports: Obtain copies of any police reports filed, even if no charges were pressed.
   • Medical Records: If you sought medical attention for injuries, keep records.
3. Understand Virginia Protective Order Types for Roommates:
   • Stalking Protective Order (Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8): Requires repeated conduct that causes you to fear for your safety or suffer emotional distress. This is often the most applicable for non-familial roommates.
   • Emergency Protective Order (Virginia Code § 19.2-152.9): Short-term (up to 72 hours) order issued by a magistrate or judge, often after a police intervention, when there’s an immediate threat.
   • Civil Injunction (Virginia Code § 8.01-620 et seq.): A broader equitable remedy from the Circuit Court to prevent ongoing harm or harassment not strictly covered by protective orders.
   • Family Abuse Protective Order (Virginia Code § 16.1-253.1): Less likely for mere roommates unless a familial or intimate partner relationship can be established.
4. Identify the Appropriate Court & Jurisdiction:
   • J&DR District Court (for Stalking Protective Orders)
   • General District Court (for Emergency Protective Orders, certain civil matters)
   • Circuit Court (for civil injunctions, appeals)
5. Prepare Your Petition:
   • Clearly state the facts.
   • Specify the relief you seek.
   • List all evidence you will present.
6. Seek Legal Counsel:
   • Gather your documentation.
   • Schedule a confidential case review with Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C.
   • Discuss your options, the legal process, and potential outcomes.

By using this blueprint, you can gather the necessary information and approach your legal situation with greater clarity and confidence. It lays the groundwork for a strong case as you pursue the protection you need.

Legal Strategies and Defenses in Roommate Protective Order Cases

Effective legal strategies in roommate protective order cases hinge on robust evidence, precise application of Virginia statutes, and persuasive courtroom advocacy, while defenses often challenge the credibility of allegations or the legal applicability of the protective order.

Navigating a protective order petition, whether as the petitioner or respondent, demands a strategic approach. My 20 years of experience in Virginia courtrooms have taught me that success lies in meticulous preparation and a nuanced understanding of legal strategy.

For the Petitioner (Seeking the Protective Order):

• Comprehensive Evidence Presentation: As discussed, overwhelming documentation is your strongest ally. Present a clear, chronological narrative supported by every piece of evidence. Do not omit details, however minor they may seem.
• Choosing the Right Statute/Remedy: It’s critical to determine whether a Stalking Protective Order, an Emergency Protective Order, or a Civil Injunction is the most appropriate legal tool. Misfiling can lead to dismissal. A knowledgeable attorney will ensure you pursue the correct legal avenue based on the specific facts of your case.
• Establishing Credibility: Your testimony, coupled with verifiable evidence, must be utterly credible. Be calm, factual, and consistent. Emotional outbursts, while understandable given the stress, can detract from your case.
• Demonstrating Fear/Distress: For stalking protective orders, you must demonstrate a reasonable apprehension of bodily injury or that the conduct caused you to suffer emotional distress. This is not subjective but must be objectively reasonable given the circumstances.
• Focus on Pattern of Conduct: For stalking, it’s not usually a single incident but a pattern of behavior that forms the basis. Highlighting this pattern is key.

For the Respondent (Defending Against the Protective Order):

If you are unjustly accused of hostile behavior and face a protective order petition from a roommate, a strong defense is equally vital. The implications of a protective order are significant, affecting your housing, reputation, and potentially your employment.

• Challenging the Factual Basis: Directly refute the allegations with counter-evidence. This might include your own documentation (texts, emails), witness testimony, or alibis.
• Disputing the “Reasonable Fear” Standard: Argue that the alleged conduct, even if it occurred, does not meet the legal threshold for causing a reasonable apprehension of bodily injury or severe emotional distress. Perhaps the conduct was accidental, misinterpreted, or exaggerated.
• Lack of Stalking/Harassment Pattern: For stalking protective orders, demonstrate that there isn’t a “pattern of conduct” as defined by Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8, or that the actions were not malicious or intentional.
• Mutual Combat/Provocation: In some rare instances, it might be relevant to show that the interaction was mutual or that the petitioner provoked the situation (though this must be handled delicately and rarely excuses genuinely threatening behavior).
• Challenging Jurisdiction/Service: Ensure all procedural requirements were met. If the petition was filed in the wrong court or you were not properly served, these can be grounds for dismissal.
• Witness Testimony: Presenting witnesses who can corroborate your version of events or attest to your character can be beneficial.

In either role, the presence of an experienced attorney from Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. is invaluable. We understand the nuances of Virginia law, the expectations of the courts (J&DR, General District, and Circuit), and how to effectively present or defend a case involving complex roommate dynamics. Our goal is always to achieve the best possible outcome for our clients, whether that means securing necessary protection or vigorously defending against unfounded allegations.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Seeking Protection

Individuals often make critical errors when seeking a protective order against a roommate, including insufficient documentation, delaying action, or attempting to handle the complex legal process without experienced legal counsel, jeopardizing their safety and case outcome.

Over my career, I’ve observed several common pitfalls individuals encounter when attempting to secure a protective order or injunction against a hostile roommate. Avoiding these mistakes can significantly strengthen your case and improve your chances of success:

1. Insufficient Documentation: This is by far the most common mistake. People rely on memory or vague statements. The court requires concrete evidence: dated logs, screenshots of threatening messages, police report numbers, photos of damage, etc. If it’s not documented, it’s difficult to prove.
2. Delaying Action: Waiting too long to seek help after incidents occur can undermine your claim of immediate danger or fear. Prompt action, especially reporting to police and seeking legal advice, demonstrates the seriousness of the situation.
3. Engaging Directly or Retaliating: Once you decide to pursue legal action, avoid further direct confrontations, arguments, or retaliatory actions with the roommate. This can complicate your case, potentially leading to counter-allegations. Let your attorney manage communications.
4. Violating Lease Agreements: While seeking protection, ensure you understand your lease obligations. Attempting to unilaterally evict a roommate without legal process can lead to its own set of legal problems. A protective order may facilitate a safe departure or legal eviction process, but it’s not an automatic eviction notice.
5. Misunderstanding Virginia Law: Assuming all “restraining orders” are the same, or that a family abuse protective order applies to every roommate, is a critical error. Virginia law is specific, and applying the wrong statute (e.g., trying to fit a purely harassment case into a family abuse protective order category) can lead to dismissal.
6. Failing to Follow Court Orders/Procedures: Missing deadlines, failing to appear in court, or not properly serving the respondent can result in your case being dismissed. The legal process is rigid for a reason.
7. Attempting to Handle It Alone: The legal system, especially in courts like the Virginia Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court or Circuit Court, is complex. Representing yourself against a knowledgeable opponent or a difficult judge can be overwhelming. An experienced Virginia attorney understands the evidentiary rules, legal arguments, and procedural requirements necessary to succeed.
8. Not Prioritizing Personal Safety: While pursuing legal action, always prioritize your physical safety. If you feel unsafe, secure alternative temporary housing and notify law enforcement immediately. A legal case takes time, and your well-being comes first.

Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. is committed to helping you avoid these common pitfalls. Our experienced legal team provides the guidance and representation necessary to navigate the Virginia legal system effectively, helping you secure the protective measures you need against a problematic roommate.

Glossary of Key Terms

Understanding the terminology is vital when dealing with legal matters. Here are some key terms relevant to Virginia protective orders and roommate disputes:

Protective Order (PO)

A court order designed to protect individuals from family abuse, stalking, or other forms of violence or harassment. In Virginia, this is the formal term for what is commonly called a “restraining order.”

Family Abuse Protective Order

A specific type of protective order issued under Virginia Code § 16.1-253.1 when there has been an act of violence, threat, or force between “family or household members.” Its applicability to roommates depends on whether the relationship meets the statutory definition.

Stalking Protective Order

A type of protective order issued under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8, applicable when a person has engaged in a pattern of conduct that places another person in reasonable fear of bodily injury or causes them to suffer emotional distress. This is often relevant for non-familial roommate disputes.

Emergency Protective Order (EPO)

A short-term (up to 72 hours) protective order issued by a magistrate or judge, usually after a police response to an incident, when there is an immediate and present danger of family abuse or stalking. Governed by Virginia Code § 19.2-152.9.

Injunction

A broader civil court order (under Virginia Code § 8.01-620 et seq.) requiring a party to either do or refrain from doing a specific act. This equitable remedy can be sought in Circuit Court to prevent ongoing harassment or other harmful conduct when a specific protective order statute doesn’t precisely fit.

Petitioner

The person requesting the protective order or injunction from the court.

Respondent

The person against whom the protective order or injunction is sought.

Common Scenarios & Questions

It’s often helpful to visualize how Virginia law applies to real-life situations. Here are a few common scenarios our firm encounters regarding roommates and protective orders:

Scenario 1: Escalating Verbal Threats and Property Damage

Question: “My roommate has been increasingly aggressive, shouting threats and recently punched a hole in the shared wall. I’m afraid they might turn on me. Can I get a protective order in Virginia?”

Answer: This scenario strongly suggests the need for intervention. While a Family Abuse Protective Order may not apply unless there’s an intimate or familial-like relationship, the escalating threats and property damage could form the basis for a Stalking Protective Order under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8 if the conduct creates a reasonable fear for your safety or causes significant emotional distress through a pattern of behavior. Documenting the threats (e.g., recording if legal, detailed logs) and the damage (photos) is crucial. Reporting the property damage to the police would also create an official record. Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. can help assess the specific facts to determine the most viable legal pathway.

Scenario 2: Unwanted Presence After Roommate Moves Out

Question: “My former roommate moved out, but they keep showing up uninvited at my new apartment building, sending harassing texts, and posting negative things about me online. What are my options for a Virginia restraining order?”

Answer: This situation perfectly aligns with the criteria for a Stalking Protective Order in Virginia. The key elements are the “pattern of conduct” (repeated unwanted appearances, texts, online posts) and the resulting “reasonable fear for safety” or “emotional distress.” Even though they are no longer cohabiting, the unwanted contact continues to impact your life significantly. All communications and incidents should be meticulously documented. This is a strong case where Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. can petition the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court for protection.

Scenario 3: Roommate Refuses to Leave and Becomes Hostile During Eviction

Question: “I’ve started the eviction process for my roommate, but now they’re intentionally making my life miserable – blocking my access to the kitchen, playing loud music all night, and verbally abusing me. Can I get a protective order during eviction?”

Answer: While an eviction is a separate legal process, hostile actions during that time can indeed warrant a protective order. If the verbal abuse contains credible threats, or if the actions constitute a pattern of harassment causing reasonable fear or emotional distress, you could pursue a Stalking Protective Order. In extreme cases, if physical altercations occur, an Emergency Protective Order may be issued by law enforcement, followed by a preliminary and full protective order hearing. It’s critical to separate the eviction (a landlord-tenant issue) from the need for personal safety (a protective order issue), though they can run concurrently. An attorney from Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. can help manage both fronts, prioritizing your safety.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What’s the difference between a “restraining order” and a “protective order” in Virginia?

A: In Virginia, the terms “restraining order” and “protective order” are often used interchangeably by the public, but “protective order” is the correct legal term for orders issued to prevent harm from family abuse, stalking, or other violent acts. These orders are specifically defined by Virginia statutes.

Q2: Can I get a Family Abuse Protective Order against my roommate in Virginia?

A: Generally, no, unless your roommate qualifies as a “family or household member” under Virginia Code § 16.1-228. This definition typically includes spouses, parents, children, or individuals who have cohabited as intimate partners within the last 12 months. For a casual roommate, it’s unlikely to apply unless there’s a deeper, intimate relationship involved.

Q3: What if my roommate is threatening me but hasn’t physically harmed me?

A: Physical harm is not always required to obtain a protective order. Credible threats of bodily injury, a pattern of harassment, or behavior that causes a reasonable fear for your safety or significant emotional distress can be sufficient grounds for a Stalking Protective Order under Virginia Code § 19.2-152.8.

Q4: How long does a Protective Order in Virginia last?

A: An Emergency Protective Order (EPO) lasts up to 72 hours. A Preliminary Protective Order (PPO) lasts until the full hearing, typically within 15 days. A final Protective Order, if granted by the court, can last for a fixed period, often up to two years, though the court has discretion.

Q5: What kind of evidence do I need to get a protective order against my roommate?

A: You need concrete evidence. This includes detailed incident logs (dates, times, descriptions), screenshots of threatening texts/emails, voicemails, photos of any property damage or injuries, police reports, and witness statements. The more evidence you have, the stronger your case.

Q6: Where do I file for a protective order against a roommate in Virginia?

A: For Stalking Protective Orders, the petition is typically filed in the Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (J&DR) in the city or county where you reside or where the incidents occurred. For broader civil injunctions, it might be the Circuit Court.

Q7: What happens if my roommate violates the protective order?

A: Violating a protective order is a serious criminal offense in Virginia, often treated as a Class 1 misdemeanor, which can carry jail time and fines. If your roommate violates the order, immediately contact law enforcement. Do not try to enforce the order yourself.

Q8: Can a protective order force my roommate to move out?

A: A protective order can include provisions that prohibit the respondent from entering or coming within a certain distance of your residence, effectively forcing them to leave. However, if both names are on a lease, it can complicate the housing situation and may require additional legal steps like an eviction or lease modification.

Q9: What if my roommate files a protective order against me?

A: If you are served with a protective order petition, it is critical to seek legal counsel immediately. Do not ignore it. An experienced attorney can help you understand the allegations, prepare a defense, and represent you in court to protect your rights and reputation. Violating even a temporary protective order can have serious consequences.

Q10: Are there alternatives to a protective order for roommate disputes?

A: Depending on the severity of the situation, alternatives might include mediation (if safe and appropriate), sending a formal cease and desist letter, initiating an eviction process (if you are the primary leaseholder), or simply moving out. However, if there are threats, harassment, or violence, a protective order is often the most direct and necessary legal recourse for safety.

Q11: How long does it take to get a final protective order?

A: After an Emergency Protective Order (if issued), a Preliminary Protective Order hearing is typically held within a few days, and a full protective order hearing (where evidence is presented by both sides) is usually scheduled within 15 days of the initial petition. The total time depends on court schedules and complexities, but courts prioritize these matters due to their urgent nature.

Q12: Can I get a protective order if my roommate is harassing me online?

A: Yes. Online harassment, cyberstalking, or defamation that causes you to fear for your safety or suffer emotional distress can be grounds for a Stalking Protective Order in Virginia, provided it constitutes a “pattern of conduct” as defined by law. Screenshots, URLs, and time-stamped evidence are vital in such cases.

Q13: What costs are involved in getting a protective order?

A: There are court filing fees and service of process fees (for the sheriff to serve the roommate), though these can sometimes be waived for indigent petitioners. The most significant cost is typically attorney’s fees for legal representation, which can vary depending on the complexity and duration of the case. Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. can discuss our fee structure during a confidential case review.

Q14: Will a protective order show up on my roommate’s record?

A: Yes, protective orders are public records and are entered into a statewide registry (Virginia Code § 19.2-152.10). Violations of protective orders are criminal offenses and will result in a criminal record if convicted.

Q15: What if my roommate retaliates after I file for a protective order?

A: Retaliation, especially any form of harassment, threats, or violence, is a serious violation. Immediately report any retaliatory acts to the police. This new conduct can lead to additional charges or further strengthen your existing case for a protective order.

Secure Your Safety: Contact Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. Today

If you are facing a hostile roommate situation in Virginia and believe a protective order or civil injunction is necessary to secure your safety and peace of mind, do not hesitate. The legal team at Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. brings decades of seasoned experience to these sensitive and urgent matters. We are ready to provide a confidential case review, explain your options under Virginia law, and vigorously represent your interests. Call Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. at 888-437-7747 today to discuss your situation and take the first critical step toward a safer living environment.

Disclaimer: This article provides general information and is not intended as legal advice. The law is complex and constantly evolving. Specific facts in your case may alter the applicability of the law. You should consult with an attorney for advice specific to your situation. Law Offices Of SRIS, P.C. does not guarantee specific outcomes. This content is for informational purposes only and does not create an attorney-client relationship.